Rhodobacter sphaeroides – NBRC 100037

Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Rhodobacter sphaeroides

NBRC No.NBRC 100037
Scientific Name of this StrainRhodobacter sphaeroides (van Niel 1944) Imhoff et al.1984 1984
Synonymous Name
Synonym:Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides
Type Strain
Accepted Date2003/04/07
Isolated Year
Deposited Year
HistoryHiroshima Kokusai Gakuin Univ. (K. Sasaki) <- Tokyo Metropolitan Univ. (H. Kitamura, IL 106)
Other Culture Collection No.
Other No.IL106
Rehydration Fluid702
Medium802  360
Cultivation Temp.30 C
Oxygen Relationship
Source of IsolationSome wastewater treatment plant
Locality of Source
Country of Origin
Biosafety Level
ApplicationsHydrogen and poly-hydroxy alkanoate;production
Mating Type
Genetic Marker
Plant Quarantine No.
Animal Quarantine No.
Herbarium No.
Restriction
CommentAnoxygenic phototroph.
References779
Sequences16S rDNA
Shipping asGlass ampoule (L-dried)

Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a kind of purple bacterium; a group of bacteria that can obtain energy through photosynthesis. Its best growth conditions are anaerobic phototrophy (photoheterotrophic and photoautotrophic) and aerobic chemoheterotrophy in the absence of light. R. sphaeroides is also able to fix nitrogen. It is remarkably metabolically diverse, as it is able to grow heterotrophically via fermentation and aerobicand anaerobic respiration.

Rhodobacter sphaeroides has been isolated from deep lakes and stagnate waters.

Rhodobacter sphaeroides is one of the most pivotal organisms in the study of bacterial photosynthesis. It requires no unusual conditions for growth and is incredibly efficient. The regulation of its photosynthetic machinery is of great interest to researchers, as R. sphaeroides has an intricate system for sensing O2 tensions. Also, when exposed to a reduction in the partial pressure of oxygen, R. sphaeroides develops invaginations in its cellular membrane. The photosynthetic apparatus is housed in these invaginations. These invaginations are also known as chromatophores.

The genome of R. sphaeroides is also somewhat intriguing. It has two chromosomes, one of 3 Mb (CI) and one of 900 Kb (CII), and five naturally occurring plasmids. Many genes are duplicated between the two chromosomes but appear to be differentially regulated. Moreover, many of the open reading frames (ORFs) on CII seem to code for proteins of unknown function. When genes of unknown function on CII are disrupted, many types of auxotrophy result, emphasizing that the CII is not merely a truncated version of CI.

Bacterial small RNAs have been identified as components of many regulatory networks. Twenty sRNAs were experimentally identified in Rhodobacter spheroids, and the abundant ones were shown to be affected by singlet oxygen (1O2) exposure. 1O2 which generates photooxidative stress, is made by bacteriochlorophyll upon exposure to oxygen and light. One of the 1O2 induced sRNAs SorY (1O2 resistance RNA Y) was shown to be induced under several stress conditions and conferred resistance against 1O2 by affecting a metabolite transporter.

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